What Was Rutherford B. Hayes's Position On Civil Service Reform?
RUTHERFORD B. HAYES
19th President of the United states, 1877-1881
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AMERICAN PRESIDENTS
Spiegel Grove
Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center
Ohio
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| Portrait of President Hayes |
Rutherford B. Hayes became the 19th president of the United States in one of the most disputed elections in American history. He was a champion of civil service reform, supported difficult coin policies, and worked to reconcile Northward and South by ending Reconstruction through withdrawl of Federal troops from the Southward Carolina and Louisiana statehouses. His nobility and integrity helped revive the prestige of the presidency, which had been shaken by the Johnson impeachment and the corruption and scandal of the Grant administration. Hayes' virtually famous quote, "He serves his party best who serves his country best," is from his 1877 Inaugural Address. Hayes moved to his Spiegel Grove estate in 1873 and immediately began to overstate the firm to arrange his big family. When he left office in 1881, he returned to the house, now totaling over 30 rooms, and lived in that location until his decease in 1893. He and his wife prevarication buried on the grounds.
Rutherford B. Hayes' begetter died shortly before his nascency on October 4, 1822, in Delaware, Ohio. Sardis Birchard, his maternal uncle and a successful businessman, served as guardian and surrogate father to immature Rutherford and his sis Fanny Arabella. Hayes graduated from Kenyon Higher in 1842 and Harvard Law School in 1845. He and then took up practicing constabulary in Lower Sandusky. Agile in local politics, Hayes headed upwardly the committee that suggested that the community be renamed "Fremont," afterward the dashing hero of the West, Colonel John C. Fremont.
Hayes's law practise and political career blossomed afterwards he moved to Cincinnati in December 1849. Opposing the expansion of slavery, he joined the Republican Party in the 1850s and played an increasingly important role in metropolis politics. In 1852, he married Lucy Ware Webb, the first wife of a president to be a college graduate. He presently came to share her securely religious opposition to slavery. They had vii sons and one daughter. They lived in Cincinnati until the Ceremonious War.
Sardis Birchard, who acquired the land for Spiegel Grove c. 1846, congenital the earliest part of the existing house between 1859 and 1863 as a summer retreat for Hayes and his family. He named the manor Spiegel Grove, because the pools of water that collected later rain reflected the towering trees like mirrors. "Spiegel" is the German discussion for mirror. The ii and one-half-story brick business firm had an open veranda on three sides. It contained a formal antechamber, a large parlor, a bedroom, and kitchen quarters on the first floor. Bedrooms and storage space occupied the second story. Manning Force Hayes, the last of the Hayes children, was born at Spiegel Grove on Baronial one, 1873.
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| Spiegel Grove in 1888 |
Hayes became a major general during the Civil War. He sustained a severe wound at the Boxing of Southward Mountain, near Antietam, Maryland--the only president always wounded in action during the Ceremonious War. Nominated for a seat in Congress in 1864, Hayes refused to campaign and served with his regiment until the finish of the state of war. He took his seat in the House of Representatives when the session opened in Dec 1865. Every bit a congressman, Hayes supported a Radical Reconstruction program. Reelected in 1866, Hayes resigned to run for governor of Ohio.
The first Ohio governor to serve three terms, 1868 to 1870, 1870 to 1872, and 1876 to 1877, Hayes was a competent leader. In 1873, Hayes returned to alive at Spiegel Grove, which remained the family residence until 1965. Recognizing that the house was too small for his family of seven, he commenced plans for the construction of a frame addition to the west side of the original building for a new kitchen, woodhouse, and privy.
Hayes used his position as governor to advance his candidacy for the presidential nomination at the Republican Convention of 1876 in Cincinnati. His reputation for integrity, war record, party loyalty, and moderate liberalism made him an acceptable compromise candidate. He ran against Democrat Samuel J. Tilden, governor of New York, in Nov. 1 of the most bitterly contested elections in American history kept the nation in turmoil until two days before the inauguration in March. Tilden won the pop vote merely lacked one electoral vote for victory. The consequence depended upon contested electoral votes in three southern states: Louisiana, Due south Carolina, and Florida. Tilden needed to win only ane vote; Hayes needed all the disputed votes to win.
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| The Red Parlor |
Congress finally created a special commission to settle the dispute in January 1877. The 15-member commission consisted of five from each house of Congress and five from the Supreme Court, eight Republicans and seven Democrats. The commission voted in favor of Hayes on strict party lines. Hayes took the oath of office privately in the Red Room of the White Firm on March three, becoming the first president sworn in at the White House. A second, public swearing in took place later at the Capitol.
Controversy followed Hayes into office. During the election dispute, the Republicans in Congress promised southern Democrats railroad subsidies, Federal patronage, at least one Cabinet post, and cessation of support of the Republican governors in Southward Carolina and Louisiana. Although Hayes may not have been personally involved in this deal, he did withdraw Federal troops from statehouses in South Carolina and Louisiana, effectively ending Reconstruction. He likewise included an ex-Confederate in his Cabinet, while insisting that he made his appointments based on merit. His actions helped reconcile the North and South, only outraged members of his ain party.
Hayes also had to deal with labor strife and immigration issues. The first wave of peachy national strikes occurred during his assistants. In the summertime of 1877, the country was nonetheless suffering from the depression that began during the Grant assistants. When the railroads slashed wages for the third fourth dimension in every bit many years, strikes and riots ensued. Hayes sympathized with the plight of the workers merely sent Federal troops to restore order in certain areas. In 1879, as anti-Chinese agitation increased on the West Coast, he vetoed a pop clearing bill that would have prohibited all Chinese immigration, contending that information technology violated treaty obligations. He later worked out a modification of the treaty that did restrict immigration.
President Hayes was the first president to focus on civil service reform. He succeeded in removing some authorities jobs from partisan command. In the nigh famous episode of his crusade, he removed Chester A. Arthur, future president, from the collectorship of customs at New York Urban center. Opposed by many members of his ain party, Hayes was unable to create a Civil Service Commission. He signed a bill in Feb 1879 allowing women attorneys to fence cases before the Supreme Court of the U.s.. In 1878, Hayes began the annual Easter Egg Roll for children on the White House lawn, a tradition that still takes identify on the Monday after Easter.
Hayes honored his pledge that he would merely serve one term and retired to Spiegel Grove in 1881. He prepared for his retirement by building an add-on to the firm that more than doubled its size. The improver included a library and drawing room on the first floor, with bedrooms to a higher place, and indoor plumbing. It also incorporated a number of interior changes and the construction of a fourth-floor cupola that Mrs. Hayes used as a greenhouse for her plants. A spectacular four-story walnut and butternut staircase added during the renovation leads to a 360-caste view of Spiegel Grove.
In 1889, the Hayes commenced on alterations to their dwelling house once once again, removing the frame add-on of 1873 to add together a larger improver for a dining room and new kitchen. Mrs. Hayes died before this add-on was completed. The 1889 addition was the final major amending to the house. The parlor on the first flooring, known as the Ruby-red Room, and Sardis Birchard'due south bedchamber on the second were the simply rooms of the original firm that remained intact after all the alterations.
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| Groundbreaking ceremony |
Afterwards his presidency, Hayes remained active with humanitarian causes such as prison reform, education, aid for blackness schools, veteran'southward affairs, and local charities. He travelled frequently for speaking engagements. He wrote extensively on his beliefs on social reform and growing concern about the increasing disparity of economic classes. He died at his dearest Spiegel Grove in 1893.
In 1912, the president'south children gave the Spiegel Grove property to the Country of Ohio, although the family continued to live in the house until 1965. Today the Hayes Presidential Center manages the property in association with the Ohio Historical Society. Several family portraits and original furnishings adorn the house. The library in detail contains numerous mementoes including ii framed photographs of Lincoln. Hayes, an avid reader, designed the room to display portraits of former political greats. The graves of Lucy and Rutherford Hayes are on a minor hill at the southward terminate of the estate.
The State of Ohio constructed a museum and library building on the grounds of Spiegel Grove in 1916. Two additions engagement from 1922 and 1969. The research library has approximately 70,000 volumes, including the president's personal library. The exhibits in the museum focus on the life and times of Rutherford B. Hayes, his family, and Ohio history. The outset floor is primarily a biographical exhibit; information technology includes a lovely big breakfront, which displays Hayes' White House china. A life-size diorama of Hayes in camp during the Civil War illustrates his active participation in that conflict.
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| The Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center, Spiegel Grove, located at the corner of Hayes and Buckland Aves., Fremont, OH has been designated a National Historic Landmark. For mapping purposes only the accost is Spiegel Grove. Click hither for the National Historic Landmark registration file: text and photos. The Rutherford B. Hayes home is likewise an Ohio Historical Society Site. The Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center includes two major buildings – the Hayes Dwelling house and Hayes Museum. Daily tours of both are available year-circular, Tuesday –Saturday 9:00am to 5:00pm and Sundays and Holidays 12:00pm to 5:00pm. The buildings are closed New Year's Day, Easter Dominicus, Thanksgiving, and Christmas Day. Visitors can opt to tour one building or both. Tours of the Hayes Home are guide led and take 45 minutes. The Hayes Museum is a self-guided bout, with docent-led tours bachelor for groups of 15 or more by prior organisation. For more data visit, the Rutherford B. Hayes Presidential Center website or call toll costless 800-998-7737. The website provides a wealth of data on the place and people of Spiegel Grove. |
Source: https://www.nps.gov/nr/travel/presidents/hayes_spiegel_grove.html
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